What Is the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Sudan

The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in Sudan, also known as the Naivasha Agreement, was a landmark accord signed between the government of Sudan and the Sudan People`s Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) on January 9, 2005. The signing of this agreement marked the end of a nearly 22-year civil war between the two parties and established a framework for peace and governance in the country.

The CPA aimed to address the root causes of the conflict, which were primarily centered around the marginalization of Sudan`s southern region. The agreement included provisions for power-sharing, wealth-sharing, and security arrangements, among other key issues. One of the most significant aspects of the CPA was the creation of a semi-autonomous government in southern Sudan, which had been a key demand of the SPLA/M.

Under the terms of the agreement, the SPLA/M was granted control over the southern region`s government and military, while the government of Sudan maintained control over the north. The two parties also agreed to share revenue from oil resources, which are primarily located in the south. Additionally, the agreement included provisions for a referendum on self-determination for the people of southern Sudan, which was held in 2011 and resulted in the creation of the independent Republic of South Sudan.

Despite the significant progress made through the CPA, the implementation of its provisions has been slow and uneven. Many of the key issues outlined in the agreement, such as the demarcation of the north-south border and the integration of former rebel fighters into the national army, have faced significant challenges. Additionally, violence has continued in various parts of the country, particularly in the Darfur region in western Sudan.

The CPA has been widely praised as a crucial step toward long-term peace and stability in Sudan, but it is clear that much work remains to be done to fully implement its provisions. Since its signing, Sudan has undergone significant political changes, including the overthrow of former President Omar al-Bashir in 2019 and the establishment of a transitional government. The CPA will continue to play a critical role in shaping Sudan`s future, and it is essential that all parties work together to build on the progress made so far and ensure a lasting peace for the country.

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This post was written by msuder